Every citizen has the right to receive an old-age insurance pension, that is, upon reaching a certain age. The state is obliged to pay this old-age benefit to everyone.
There are 2 lists of these professions, which indicate the entire list of professions that are guaranteed a preferential pension. In this article we will look at list 2, what professions are included in it and what needs to be done in order to receive these payments.
Harmful experience for retirement
Harmful work experience is taken into account by pension fund employees to determine the amount of monthly pension payments, bonuses and benefits for pensioners, and also allows a person working in harmful and dangerous industries to retire early.
Statistics show that more than 40 percent of Russian residents work in harmful and dangerous industries, performing work that threatens not only loss of health, but in some cases even life.
Despite this, people go to work in dangerous fields of activity, because in addition to early retirement, they are attracted by significant additional pension payments in the amount of 2 to 9 percent of basic accruals.
In Russia, this type of experience is regulated by the following legislative acts:
- Law “On Insurance Pensions” dated December 28, 2013 No. 400-FZ.
- Law “On Labor Pensions...” dated December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ.
- Lists No. 1 and No. 2, which include a list of professions with hazardous conditions, working in which people can receive early retirement and additional payments.
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On lists...” dated July 16, 2014 No. 665.
In addition to the above documents, there are also additional lists of activities in specific professional industries, which also provide the opportunity to retire early.
List No. 1
Professions classified as harmful and dangerous are enshrined in the legislative list under number 1. The list contains 21 names of manufacturing enterprises, each of which includes dozens of professions.
Let's highlight the basic industries for assigning DP:
- mining and underground work;
- ore processing and beneficiation;
- metallurgy;
- chemical production;
- Atomic industry;
- production of firearms.
A complete list of professions can be found at the link: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_136448/349d985f849c2c49d8f9f36a9c00ee03f688edf3/.
To generate a DP according to the specified list, the following conditions must be met:
- “Harmful” work experience is more than 8 years among the female population and at least 10 years among the male population.
- The total period of work is 15 (women) and 20 years (men).
- Reaching 45 (among women) and 50 years (among men).
When working less than the specified period, pension payments are assigned according to list No. 2. The minimum experience should be 3.9 and 5 years among the female and male population.
What is harmful experience?
This concept is actively used in the pension funds of the Russian Federation in order to provide the future pensioner with a decent pension for the fact that he has worked for many years in dangerous or harmful conditions that threaten his health, as well as to allow him to retire early.
Males have the right to early retirement and additional payments if they have worked in those industries indicated in the first list for 10 years or more, and their total work experience is at least 20 years.
Female persons who have worked in industries included in the first list can retire early if their special work experience is 7.5 years and their total work experience is 15 years. In addition, it is worth noting that early retirement due to harmful work experience is permitted for males no earlier than 50 years of age, and for females no earlier than 45 years of age.
The second list, which is also given below, allows early retirement for male persons who have reached the age of 55 years if they have worked in the relevant position for 12.5 years, and their total experience is 25 years.
Female persons can retire early if they have worked in an industry included in the second list for 10 years, and their total experience is at least 20 years. In addition, the age of a woman who decides to take early retirement must be at least 50 years old.
Who has the right to retire on preferential terms?
List of professions and activities that give the right to receive a preferential pension:
- work in hot shops;
- in hazardous production, with negative factors;
- underground and mining works;
- work in difficult physical conditions;
- expeditionary work;
- forestry activities;
- locomotive crews;
- temporarily or permanently working in the Far North;
- liquidators of the consequences of a radiation disaster;
- civil aviation pilots;
- miners and mines;
- metallurgists;
- members of the crew on ships;
- drivers of city vehicles;
- female machinists;
- employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations;
- military personnel;
- teachers;
- medical workers;
- employees of institutions executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment.
People eligible for early exit based on social indicators:
- women raising 5 or more children, the youngest of whom should be no more than eight years old at the time of the mother’s retirement;
- one of the parents raising a disabled child;
- a person who has received a disability due to the performance of official duties.
The increasing coefficient, as well as the number of years for preferential length of service, differs for different types of professional activity. In addition to early retirement, beneficiaries are entitled to additional social benefits.
Harmful work experience – 1st and 2nd list
It was said above that there are 2 lists that list areas of activity.
By working in them for a certain time, a person deserves the right to receive a pension for harmful work experience, as well as the opportunity to retire earlier than employees in other industries. The first list was compiled and approved back in 1991 by a resolution of the USSR Cabinet of Ministers; over time, types of activities were added to it, it was changed and supplemented. Today, there are two lists that people working in pension funds rely on when determining the amount of pension accruals and the possibility of early retirement.
Listed #1
lists all types of activities that are associated with particularly harmful and difficult working conditions. It lists those types of activities that are carried out in workshops (“hot”), underground, etc., which can seriously threaten not only the health of the person working in them, but also lead to his death.
On the list No. 2
a list of jobs and professions is listed, most of which, although they do not pose a danger to human health, also deserve retirement earlier than others.
Both lists contain types of activities with hazardous working conditions, which are carried out in such areas as:
- “hot” shops (this could be metallurgy, mechanical engineering, etc.);
- mines;
- printing;
- healthcare sector;
- logging;
- Russian Railways employees;
- nuclear industry;
- firefighters;
- geology;
- chemical industry;
- rescuers;
- mines;
- fleet;
- textile industry (mainly for women);
- paper production.
In addition to the two lists, there are also smaller lists covering professions in individual economic sectors. They are also regulated by law.
Who is entitled to a preferential disability pension in 2019?
The opportunity to retire early, that is, before the generally accepted age, is provided for individual specialists who have special experience. The period of such employment is established in No. 400-FZ dated December 28, 2013. The retirement age for each category of worker is determined individually, taking into account his total length of service, insurance experience, and type of work.
As a result of the implementation of the pension reform, the Government retained the previous conditions for obtaining a preferential retirement pension. Current requirements are given in No. 350-FZ and No. 400-FZ. To assign a benefit, a citizen must:
- Reach the age specified by law.
- Acquire the required length of experience (special, and in some cases general).
- Accumulate the minimum number of IPCs (pension points).
- Engage in those types of work or activities that are eligible for benefits.
Read: New preferential conditions for retirement
List of professions
It was noted above that the first list
includes particularly dangerous areas of activity, such as:
- Railway workers.
- Mine workers.
- Workers in “hot” shops.
- Workers engaged in geological excavations.
- Mining works.
- Energy workers.
- Underground construction work.
- Mining.
- Mine workers.
- Metallurgy (black shops).
- Services involved in the repair of equipment in hazardous industries.
- Workers of coke, pitch coke, coke-chemical and thermo-anthracite industries.
- Workers in chemical industries.
The full list can be found in Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR dated January 26, 1991 No. 10.
To the second list
includes people engaged in activities such as:
- Parachutists.
- Psychologists.
- Theater, ballet or circus artists.
- School directors.
- Teachers.
- Defectologists.
- Pilots.
- Speech therapists.
- Pharmaceutical factory workers.
- Doctors.
- Food and light industry workers.
- Transport workers (air, sea, urban and railway).
- Workers in such sectors of the economy as communications.
- Workers working in glass production.
- Geologists.
- Workers of agrochemical services for agriculture.
Both lists have the right to “preferential” retirement.
But the first list will be exactly the list of professions that are called “harmful”. Read more about what preferential seniority is here. Employers must also draw up lists listing the jobs and workers employed in them that will be subject to harmful work experience. These documents are submitted to local pension funds every 5 years.
Before submitting such lists, the employer must conduct a special assessment of working conditions (special assessment of working conditions) at the production, company, institution or organization, conducted by a third-party organization.
Small list
The authorities identify professions that do not belong to any of the lists, but are preferential. Such professions belong to the so-called small list.
This category of employees primarily includes teachers, medical workers, public transport drivers, and so on. There are 19 professions in total. For each category of beneficiaries, individual conditions for accessing DP are established.
For example, a teacher must work for more than 25 years. In this case, age indicators do not matter. In addition, the title of the position and the organization must meet a single standard.
The full list is enshrined in Law No. 781 of October 29, 2002.
How is it calculated?
Before calculating the length of service that ensures a person’s right to retire early, you need to determine:
- Periods of activity
by a citizen at work where there were dangerous and harmful factors. - Also, in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 30 of Law 400-FZ, it is necessary to establish the sector of the economy or field of activity
in which the person applying for early retirement worked. - A list that includes the type of activity
of a person who has the right to retire early. - the name of the profession
in the work book with the one that is in one of the lists.
In general, the amount of pension accruals is made according to a special formula approved by Federal Law No. 400-FZ. To schedule early payments, a person must contact the local pension fund at his place of registration or the MFC.
An application for such a pension must be submitted either by the applicant himself or his legal representative.
It should be remembered that when contacting the Pension Fund of Russia in order to receive payments for harmful work experience, you must have with you a package of documents (original and copy of passport, work book and other documentation that can confirm activity in hazardous production or industry, military ID if available ). In order to reduce the time required for assigning such pensions, the Pension Fund of Russia bodies begin to check in advance the documents of those people who are going to retire and create a model of the pension file.
What benefits and allowances exist for long service?
The main and only benefit for holders of active service is the right to early retirement. At the same time, another advantage can be indirectly identified.
If there are harmful or other abnormal factors affecting the employee at a particular workplace, employers are required to pay higher insurance premiums. They, accordingly, form a larger size of the IPC, which directly affects the amount of future government provision.
Thus, in terms of retirement for those workers who are employed in jobs with harmful or difficult conditions, nothing has changed as a result of the pension reform. They still retain the preferential age for the appointment of state support, subject to compliance with other mandatory requirements.
What is not included in harmful experience?
When preparing to retire, many people who have worked a sufficient amount of time in hazardous areas of activity begin to think about what may not be included in this length of service, for example, sick leave or vacation, as well as maternity leave and parental leave.
A detailed answer to an exciting question can be obtained by reading in detail Art. 121 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 516 of July 11, 2002.
Having studied the above legislative acts, we can come to the conclusion that the insurance period, which gives the right to early retirement, includes periods such as temporary inability to work while receiving state social security benefits.
This length of service does not include periods of unpaid leave (administrative or “at your own expense”), or educational leave. It also does not include the probationary period, downtime (due to the fault of the employer or the fault of the employee), the time during which the employee was not allowed to work due to such circumstances as:
- any type of intoxication;
- a medical report identifying the reasons for inadmissibility to perform work;
- failed knowledge test in the field of labor protection.
In addition to the above, there are other reasons why an employee may not be allowed to carry out activities. These periods are also not counted towards the length of service of this type.
Conditions of registration
Let's consider the requirements for citizens who apply for early assignment of a pension based on active service, depending on the grounds (list) in the form of a table:
| Criterion | List 1 (harmful conditions, underground work, hot shops) | List 2 (severe conditions) | ||
| men | women | men | women | |
| permissible retirement age, years | 50 | 45 | 55 | 50 |
| minimum special experience (with harmful or difficult conditions), years | 10 | 7,5 | 12,5 | 10 |
| total insurance period, years | 20 | 15 | 25 | 20 |
| IPC value | 30 | |||
If there is an incomplete period of work that provides a benefit, mentioned in the table, the citizen retains the opportunity to retire early for a well-deserved rest. To do this, you must meet all the criteria listed above, except one.
The period of work in hazardous or difficult work in this case must be at least half of the established period. Moreover, according to list 1, the generally established age (60 and 55 years for men and women, respectively) is reduced by 1 year for every half year of work in the relevant positions and professions, and according to list 2 - for every 2.5 or 2 years for men and women respectively.
Is vacation included in harmful service?
This question often worries people who are planning to retire early.
In paragraph 5 of the Government of the Russian Federation Resolution No. 516 of July 11, 2002, a detailed description is devoted to this issue. After reading it, we can conclude that this length of service includes the time of annual paid leave - both basic and additional, which are often provided to people engaged in hazardous activities in order to improve their health. Harmful work experience allows a person who has worked a certain number of years in a hazardous or hazardous industry to retire early and receive benefits. But when applying for such professions, a person must soberly assess the situation and calculate his resources, since working in hazardous industries can seriously undermine one’s health.
