Since the beginning of the year, amendments have been introduced to the legislation of the Russian Federation. Thus, citizens of pre-retirement age can apply for unemployment benefits (USB). The retirement age is being raised. Employers are not particularly willing to hire people who are about to retire. Therefore, the state allows them to receive additional payments from the budget as social support. Since not everyone has complete information, let's look into everything in detail.
Who are pre-retirees?
Previously, pre-retirement people were people who had 2 years or less left before retirement. Now this concept has been revised. In your own words, in a new way, pre-retirement age is when you have 5 years or less left before your well-deserved rest. This is all reflected in the legislation (paragraph 6, paragraph 2, article 5 of the Law “On Employment...” dated April 19, 1992 No. 1032-1).
In 2020, retirement age is considered to be 60.5 years for men and 55.5 years for women.
In the future, the retirement age will increase every year until it reaches 60 years for women and 65 years for men. In 2020, pre-retirement age is 51 for women and 55 for men. If you have the right to early retirement, you can become a pre-retirement earlier.
Since 2020, the Pension Fund began issuing information about citizens belonging to the category of pre-retirement age. The Fund can send information in any form: by mail, the personal account of the insured person or in another way. You can order a certificate online directly on the Pension Fund website (section “Pensions”), you will need to register with the State Services. Find out about receiving unemployment benefits through the State Services Internet portal here.
Also, every employer is now required to submit reports to the Pension Fund about such employees.
What it is
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Social pension provision is a type of pension payments that are provided for by the Federal Law “On State Pension Security in Russia”. There are not many recipients here.
This is only 5% of all citizens of retirement age. Of these, 95% are children who receive support for the loss of a breadwinner.
How long can this category of citizens receive PBR?
Practice shows that employers do not want to hire older people , since they may soon retire and will have to look for a new employee (do they pay unemployment benefits to pensioners?). In 2020, the state had to take measures of additional social support for this category of people. By registering with the employment center, they can receive financial assistance in the form of unemployment benefits.
Payments to the unemployed may not be received for life, only for a short period until retirement.
But this is definitely good social support in between job searches. Moreover, the terms of payment of benefits to people before retirement are higher than for all other citizens: 12 months over a year and a half, and with long experience - 24 months over 3 years.
At the same time, ordinary citizens can receive benefits for a maximum of 6 months during the year , and some only for three months.
To receive benefits for 2 years, you must have at least 20 years of insurance experience for women and 25 years for men (is unemployment benefits included in the insurance period?).
What is the minimum amount and how is the amount calculated?
Since 2020, citizens belonging to the category of persons of pre-retirement age receive benefits according to special rules, preferential ones.
The amount to be paid to a pre-retirement employee depends on the period of work in the last place. If the duration is more than 6 months, then the benefit is calculated as a percentage based on wages for the last 3 months. For citizens of pre-retirement age, 75% of the average wage for the first three months is taken into account. Then 60% over the next four months. Afterwards, only 45% of average earnings are paid.
- The maximum amount of payments to unemployed citizens of the pre-retirement period is 12,130 rubles.
- The minimum level of payment during the entire period will be 1,500 rubles, this is if you worked at your last place of work for less than 6 months.
These amounts of unemployment benefits are reviewed annually by the Government of the Russian Federation , but they are not always increased. The maximum and minimum amount of unemployment benefits is increased by regional coefficients if they are established in the area where the pre-retirement resident lives.
Let's look at the calculation of benefits using an example.
The man, born May 2, 1960, left his job in February 2020. Over the last 3 months, wages amounted to 18,000 rubles. Immediately after leaving work, he contacted the employment center. Work experience was 30 years.
The man is in the pre-retirement period, and in November, upon reaching 60.5 years old, he will be able to retire. Before this, it will be possible to apply for unemployment payments in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The period during which a man will receive benefits is:
12 months + (30-25) * 2 weeks = 12 months 10 weeks, that is, 14 months 10 days.
- 30 – the value of the maximum length of service;
- 25 – the minimum length of service for a man;
- 2 weeks – increase in length of service for overtime in excess of the minimum length of service.
How much benefit is paid:
For the first 3 months (March, April, May) after dismissal, he could receive payments: 18,000 * 75% = 13,500 rubles.
But according to the law, there is a maximum limit on payment - 12,130 rubles. A man will not be entitled to receive more than this amount. Therefore, for 3 months he will receive 12,130 rubles.
The next 4 months (June, July, August): 18,000 * 60% = 10,800 rubles.
Then for 7 months 10 days: 18,000 * 45% = 8,100 rubles.
In November, a man can apply for a pension, and then these payments will stop.
Pre-retirees who were dismissed during the liquidation of a company or due to staff reduction have the right to apply for an early pension through the employment center. Two conditions: the employment center could not find a suitable job, no more than 2 years until retirement (Article 32 of the Law “On Employment...” dated April 19, 1992 No. 1032-1).
Find out more information about how unemployment benefits are calculated in a separate article.
How to apply - procedure
The procedure for receiving payments by an unemployed pre-retirement person is similar to the procedure for any unemployed person. The essence is the same, only the benefits differ. Let's look at the procedure:
- We contact the employment center to register as a job seeker (how to register with the labor exchange?). If you apply within 12 months after dismissal, the benefit will be increased, up to 12,130 rubles, if later - only 1,500 rubles.
- You need to have a package of documents with you:
- passport;
- employment history;
- certificate of income for the last 3 months from the last place of work;
- document on education, training, advanced training;
- rehabilitation card in case of disability and your inability to work.
- The employment center begins to select possible vacancies. If you have not found a job within 11 days, you will be considered unemployed. And it is from this moment that the calculation of unemployment benefits begins.
- Additionally you may need:
- SNILS;
- TIN;
- bank account details for transferring funds.
- Next, we visit the employment center 1-2 times a month to re-register and receive new vacancies.
- You may also be sent to retraining courses, and a stipend is paid throughout your studies.
During 2020, a temporary procedure for registering for unemployment and receiving benefits is in effect. You can register remotely, without leaving your home: through the “Work in Russia” and State Services portals. For those who quit and registered after March 1, 2020, increased benefits have been introduced: from April to June they will be able to receive 12,130 rubles, regardless of lost earnings. For minor children they will pay another 3,000 rubles.
Read more details about where and how you can apply for unemployment benefits, what documents are needed and what the procedure for assigning payments is in a separate article.
Payment terms and rules
As soon as you come to the employment center, declare yourself, register, you are immediately assigned benefits from this period.
In the event of dismissal as a result of downsizing or liquidation of the enterprise, funds from the Central Employment Center will begin to arrive after the period for maintaining the average level of wages for the employee has expired, which is three months from the date of dismissal (Article 178 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) and six - in case of dismissal at the Extreme North (Article 318 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
You will receive payments every month, but only if you strictly comply with the requirements of the employment center where you are registered. It is necessary to visit the employment service regularly.
The innovations mentioned above regarding the increased amount of benefits for pre-retirees will be relevant for the group of people who were recognized as unemployed in 2020 or will be recognized in subsequent years. If a citizen received unemployed status before January 1, 2020, then benefits are calculated according to the rules that were in force before. This is indicated in paragraph 1 of Art. 10 Federal Law dated October 3, 2018 No. 350-FZ.
Sizes in 2020
You can receive such a payment without work experience. The size is determined by Federal Law and can be adjusted depending on the level of inflation and increases.
The social payment is set at a fixed amount by the government of the Russian Federation in accordance with the level of the subsistence level. The payment does not depend on any length of service or security.
Also, this payment will be indexed in early April on an annual basis in accordance with the inflation rate.
An increase is possible if the applicant has dependents and other citizens who are provided for by current legislation. If a person lives in special climatic conditions, then there is a certain increased coefficient for calculation.
When changing residence to more optimal conditions, the security is recalculated without taking into account such an increasing factor.
Suspense
All grounds for suspension and complete termination of unemployment benefits are listed in Art. 35 of the Law “On Employment...” of April 19, 1992 No. 1032-1. Suspension is possible in case of not very serious violations, for a period of up to 1 month. However, the benefit period is not interrupted, meaning you will actually receive less money than you otherwise would have.
Let's look at some possible reasons for suspending unemployment benefits:
- refusal of two job offers from the Central Employment Center;
- visiting a health center while intoxicated;
- expulsion from training in the direction of the central educational center for guilty actions or unauthorized termination of training;
- violation of the deadlines for re-registration in the central registration center without a valid reason.
Read more about the reasons and rules for suspending or terminating unemployment benefits here.
Thus, from 2020, citizens have the opportunity to receive additional financial support from the state. Since it is not easy for pre-retirement people to find a job, the terms for paying unemployment benefits have been extended for them. Without working for a year or more, you can receive money from the employment center. The maximum payment amount is limited to 11,280 rubles, unless you live in an area with a higher coefficient for social payments.
Right to double payment
If a citizen has the right to receive several pensions at once, then he has the right to choose one of the types that is larger. But there are certain exceptions here. There are categories of citizens who have the right to receive two pensions at once.
Many citizens want to know who receives the old-age social pension. A list of them is given in Federal Law No. 4468–1 and Federal Law No. 166.
That is, the following can count in Russia
- disabled people who received this status in hostilities or battles;
- participants of the Great Patriotic War;
- all children whose parents died in the status of military personnel who were drafted into the Armed Forces. To receive payment for the loss of a breadwinner, you must have several criteria - in case of death, death related to military operations, occurrence after dismissal;
- widows of all people who were called to the Armed Forces and died;
- all residents of besieged Leningrad and liquidators of the Chernobyl accident;
- all citizens who work as astronauts or their family members;
- all people with officer rank;
- civil servants of a federal organization. But here you must have at least five years of work experience.
